Starting an airsoft field can be an exciting venture for enthusiasts looking to create a dedicated space for this thrilling sport. However, there are several key steps involved in setting up and running a successful airsoft field. This guide will provide a comprehensive overview of the process.
To understand the process of starting an airsoft field, it is essential to begin with an introduction to the concept. An airsoft field is a designated area where players engage in simulated combat using airsoft guns and equipment. It offers a safe and controlled environment for participants to enjoy the sport.
Research and planning play a crucial role in laying a solid foundation for your airsoft field. This involves several key considerations, including:
Identifying your target audience and understanding their preferences and needs is essential for creating an appealing airsoft field. Research the local airsoft community and demographics to tailor your offerings accordingly.
Choosing the right location is vital for the success of your airsoft field. Look for spacious outdoor areas or indoor facilities that provide ample space for gameplay and accommodate various playing scenarios.
Ensure you comply with all legal and regulatory requirements associated with running an airsoft field. This may include obtaining permits, licenses, insurance coverage, and adhering to safety regulations.
Setting up the physical space of your airsoft field requires careful consideration. Some key aspects to focus on include:
Design a layout that offers diverse playing scenarios and caters to different game types. Incorporate elements like cover, structures, and varying terrain to create an engaging and immersive experience.
Prioritize the safety of players by implementing appropriate safety measures such as mandatory safety gear, clear boundary markings, and trained referees to enforce rules during gameplay.
Enhance the gameplay experience by incorporating props and obstacles that add realism and challenge to the field. These can include structures, barricades, and natural elements like trees and rocks.
Creating clear and comprehensive rules and policies is essential for the smooth operation of your airsoft field. Consider the following when establishing rules:
Develop a set of game rules and scenarios that provide structure and fairness in gameplay. This may include rules for team sizes, respawn rules, objectives, and scoring systems.
Outline safety guidelines for players, including mandatory safety gear, chronographing procedures, and protocol for handling emergencies or injuries.
If offering rental equipment, establish policies and procedures for rental transactions, equipment maintenance, and player identification requirements.
Effectively marketing and promoting your airsoft field is crucial for attracting players and increasing participation. Consider the following strategies:
Create a website and social media profiles to showcase your field, share updates, and engage with the airsoft community. Utilize targeted advertising and content marketing to reach your desired audience.
Build relationships with local airsoft teams, organizations, and influencers to leverage their networks and generate word-of-mouth referrals.
Organize special events and tournaments to create excitement and attract players. Offer unique gameplay experiences, prizes, and opportunities for players to showcase their skills.
Once your airsoft field is up and running, it’s crucial to maintain a high standard of operations. Consider the following aspects:
Hire and train staff members who are knowledgeable about airsoft gameplay, safety protocols, and customer service. Ensure they can effectively manage gameplay sessions, enforce rules, and address player concerns.
Regularly inspect and maintain all equipment, including airsoft guns, safety gear, field structures, and props. Establish protocols for equipment cleaning, repair, and replacement to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for players.
Provide excellent customer service by addressing player inquiries, resolving issues promptly, and welcoming feedback. Actively seek feedback from players to continually improve the quality of your airsoft field.
By following these steps, you can navigate the process of starting an airsoft field successfully. With proper planning, a well-designed field, and a focus on safety and player satisfaction, your airsoft field can become a thriving hub for enthusiasts to enjoy the exciting sport of airsoft.
Research and Planning
When it comes to starting an airsoft field, the key is thorough research and careful planning. We’ll dive into the nitty-gritty details of this section, covering everything from understanding your target audience and choosing the perfect location, to navigating the legal and regulatory landscape.
So, buckle up and get ready to set the stage for an action-packed airsoft experience like no other!
Understanding the Target Audience
Understanding the target audience is key when starting an airsoft field. It is vital to cater to the specific needs and preferences of the players in order to create a successful and enjoyable experience.
To achieve this, it is necessary to conduct market research and gather demographic information such as age, gender, and location. This data will help in creating game scenarios and events that appeal to the interests of the target audience.
Furthermore, it is important to consider the skill level and experience of the players. Some may be beginners seeking a casual recreational activity, while others may be seasoned players looking for more challenging gameplay.
By offering game variations and scenarios suitable for different skill levels, the airsoft field can attract a wider range of players.
Additionally, it is crucial to understand the preferences of the target audience regarding gameplay style and field environment. Some players may prefer close-quarters combat, while others may enjoy long-range engagements.
By understanding these preferences, the field layout can be designed and props and obstacles can be set up accordingly.
By tailoring the airsoft field to meet the needs of the target audience, a more immersive and satisfying experience can be provided. This will not only attract more players but also cultivate a loyal customer base.
Offering special discounts or promotions to attract newcomers and providing exceptional customer service to retain existing players should also be considered. Continuous gathering of feedback and adapting to the evolving preferences of the target audience are crucial for the long-term success of the airsoft field.
Location Selection
Location selection is a crucial aspect when starting an airsoft field. The right location can greatly impact the success of your business. Consider the following factors:
1. Accessibility: Choose a location that is easily accessible for players. It should be located near major roads or public transportation to ensure convenience.
2. Space: Look for a spacious area that can accommodate different types of game scenarios and obstacles. A larger space allows for more flexibility and variety in gameplay.
3. Surroundings: Assess the surroundings of the location. Make sure it is in a safe neighborhood and away from residential areas to minimize disturbance to the local community.
4. Terrain: Consider the natural terrain of the location. Ideally, it should have a mix of open spaces, wooded areas, and natural cover to create diverse gameplay opportunities.
5. Facilities: Check for the availability of basic facilities like restrooms, parking spaces, and potentially a dedicated area for players to congregate and prepare for games.
6. Legal considerations: Research local laws and regulations regarding operating an airsoft field in that location. Ensure that you comply with all necessary permits and licenses.
Choosing the right location is essential to attract players and create an enjoyable airsoft experience. It can determine the viability and long-term success of your airsoft field.
Legal and Regulatory Considerations
When starting an airsoft field, there are important legal and regulatory considerations that need to be taken into account:
- Obtain the necessary permits: Before opening the airsoft field, it is crucial to research and understand the local laws and regulations regarding operating such a business. This includes obtaining all required permits and licenses.
- Insurance coverage: It is essential to have adequate insurance coverage to protect the business and its customers. This can help mitigate any potential liability issues that may arise during gameplay.
- Safety protocols: Creating and implementing safety protocols is vital for the well-being of players. This includes establishing rules for proper equipment usage, safety briefings before each game, and first aid procedures in case of injuries.
- Age restrictions: It is important to comply with age restrictions set by local laws. This may include requirements for parental consent for minors, and setting specific age limits for participation.
- Environmental considerations: As an airsoft field owner, it is crucial to be mindful of environmental regulations. This includes proper waste disposal methods, protecting natural habitats, and minimizing noise pollution.
Setting Up the Airsoft Field
Setting up an airsoft field is no easy task, but fear not! In this section, we’ll dive into the nitty-gritty details of creating your very own battleground. From field design and layout to safety measures and equipment, we’ve got you covered.
But that’s not all – we’ll also explore the world of props and obstacles to take your airsoft experience to a whole new level. So gear up and get ready, because we’re about to make your airsoft dreams a reality!
Field Design and Layout
The design and layout of an airsoft field play a crucial role in creating an exciting and safe playing environment. To achieve this, various aspects need to be taken into consideration. Here is a table that highlights the key elements related to field design and layout:
| Aspect | Details |
| Size | The field should have ample space to accommodate players and allow for tactical movements and engagements. Aim for a minimum size of 50 meters by 50 meters. |
| Terrain | It is important to incorporate natural features such as trees, bushes, and hills to add tactical depth and enhance the player experience. |
| Cover and Obstacles | Strategically placing obstacles like walls, barricades, and barriers can provide cover for players and create challenging gameplay scenarios. |
| Objective Areas | Allocate specific areas for different game objectives, including capture points or bomb sites. These areas should be easily distinguishable and well-balanced. |
| Safety Zones | Include designated safety zones where players can rest, gear up, or seek medical attention. Ensure these areas are clearly marked and away from active gameplay areas. |
| Entry and Exit Points | Plan efficient entry and exit points to minimize congestion and ensure smooth transitions during gameplay. Consider providing separate entrances for players and spectators. |
| Visibility and Lighting | Take into account the natural lighting conditions in the field and consider adding artificial lighting for night games. It is important to ensure good visibility for fair play. |
Achieving an effective field design and layout requires careful consideration of player needs, safety regulations, and the desired gameplay experience. By meticulously planning each element, you can create an airsoft field that offers enjoyable and challenging battles for all participants.
Safety Measures and Equipment
When it comes to ensuring safety at an airsoft field, implementing safety measures and having the necessary equipment are crucial. There are several important factors to consider:
- Protective Gear: All participants should be required to wear proper protective gear, including masks, goggles, and gloves. This will minimize the risk of injuries to the face, eyes, and hands.
- Barrel Covers: Every airsoft gun should be equipped with a barrel cover when not in use. This prevents accidental discharges and ensures that the guns are not loaded when they shouldn’t be.
- Chronograph: A chronograph is essential to measure the velocity of airsoft guns. Setting limits on the maximum velocity ensures the safety of players and prevents harm to others.
- Field Inspections: Regular inspections of the playing field should be conducted to identify any potential hazards or unsafe obstacles. This includes checking for broken barriers, exposed wires, or any other dangerous conditions.
- First Aid Kits: A fully stocked first aid kit should be easily accessible on-site. This ensures that any injuries can be promptly treated and minimizes the risk of complications.
Ensuring the safety of participants should be the top priority on any airsoft field. By incorporating these safety measures and having the necessary equipment, players can enjoy the sport while minimizing the risk of accidents or injuries.
Airsoft originated in Japan in the 1970s as a way for firearm enthusiasts to enjoy a safe alternative to shooting. The sport gained popularity and quickly spread to other countries, including the United States.
Today, airsoft fields can be found worldwide, catering to both casual players and professional teams. As the sport continues to evolve, the focus on safety measures and proper equipment remains paramount to ensure a fun and secure experience for all participants.
Props and Obstacles
When setting up an airsoft field, props and obstacles are essential for creating an immersive and challenging gameplay experience.
- Props: Incorporating various props adds realism and excitement to the field. These can include structures like bunkers, buildings, and barricades, providing cover for players during gameplay. Additionally, props such as vehicles, barrels, and crates can be used strategically to enhance gameplay scenarios.
- Obstacles: Obstacles are obstacles that can challenge players’ movement and navigation on the field. These can include natural features like trees, hills, and bushes, as well as artificial elements like walls or fences. By strategically placing obstacles, players are encouraged to use different tactics, promoting teamwork and strategic thinking.
- Diversity: It is essential to have a variety of props and obstacles to cater to different gameplay scenarios. Different types of buildings, barricades, and obstacles offer alternative strategies and create diversity in gameplay options.
- Safety Considerations: When selecting and placing props and obstacles, safety should always be a top priority. Ensure that props and obstacles are sturdy, well-maintained, and positioned in a way that minimizes the risk of injuries to players.
- Creative Design: The design of props and obstacles should aim to create an immersive and visually appealing environment. Custom-made props or unique obstacles can add a distinctive touch to the airsoft field and enhance the overall experience for players.
By carefully selecting and strategically placing props and obstacles, you can create an exciting and challenging airsoft field that will keep players engaged and coming back for more.
Establishing Rules and Policies
When it comes to starting an airsoft field, one crucial aspect is establishing rules and policies. In this section, we’ll dive into the importance of effective game rules and scenarios, ensuring safety guidelines are in place, and establishing rental policies and procedures.
Get ready to explore the foundations that will shape an immersive and secure airsoft experience like no other!
Game Rules and Scenarios
When it comes to running an airsoft field, establishing clear and fair game rules and scenarios is crucial. This ensures a safe and enjoyable experience for all players. In order to create effective game rules and scenarios, consider the following:
| 1. Game Types: | Offer a variety of game types to cater to different player preferences. Examples include Team Deathmatch, Capture the Flag, and Last Man Standing. |
| 2. Objective: | Define specific objectives for each game type. This could be capturing a certain area, defending a target, or eliminating all opposing players. |
| 3. Game Duration: | Set a time limit for each game to ensure a smooth flow of gameplay and allow for multiple rounds. |
| 4. Hit Rules: | Determine the rules for determining hits. This could include requiring players to call themselves out when hit, or implementing a system where hits are verified by designated referees. |
| 5. Safety Guidelines: | Establish safety guidelines such as mandatory eye protection, minimum engagement distances, and boundaries for the playing area. |
| 6. Scenarios: | Design exciting and challenging scenarios that add depth and variety to gameplay. This could involve hostage rescue, bomb defusal, or VIP protection. |
By developing clear game rules and scenarios, you can create an engaging and immersive airsoft experience for players of all skill levels. It is essential to regularly review and update the rules based on player feedback and evolving gameplay trends.
Safety Guidelines
When setting up and operating an airsoft field, safety guidelines are crucial to ensure the well-being of players and staff. It is important to incorporate the following safety guidelines:
- Protective gear: It is essential to require all players to wear appropriate protective gear, including goggles or full-face masks, in order to prevent eye and facial injuries.
- Weapon safety: Strict rules should be established for handling and using airsoft guns, such as always keeping the muzzle pointed in a safe direction and practicing trigger discipline.
- Chronographing: It is recommended to regularly chronograph all airsoft guns to ensure they are within the safe velocity limits. Furthermore, establishing maximum FPS (feet per second) restrictions for different game scenarios is imperative.
- Safe zones: Designating specific safe areas where players can remove their protective gear, handle their guns, or take a break without the risk of accidental discharges is crucial.
- Field boundaries: Clearly marking boundaries and out-of-bounds areas is necessary to prevent players from trespassing or accidentally entering hazardous areas.
- Communication: It is important to establish effective communication systems between staff and players to relay important safety information, game instructions, and emergency procedures.
- Emergency response: Developing and communicating an emergency response plan in case of accidents, injuries, or medical emergencies is vital. Ensuring that staff members are trained in basic first aid and CPR is also essential.
Rental Policies and Procedures
When it comes to rental policies and procedures for your airsoft field, it’s important to have clear guidelines in place to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience for all players. Here are some key considerations:
- Rental Pricing: Determine the cost of renting airsoft guns, protective gear, and other equipment. Offer different rental packages to accommodate various budgets.
- Age and Identification: Implement an age restriction policy and require valid identification for all renters. This helps ensure that players are of legal age and responsible enough to handle the equipment.
- Security Deposit: Collect a security deposit from renters to cover any potential damages to the equipment. Clearly outline the conditions for refunding the deposit.
- Reservation Process: Establish an online or phone reservation system to allow players to reserve rental equipment in advance. Specify the required lead time and cancellation policy.
- Orientation and Safety Briefing: Before renting out equipment, provide a comprehensive orientation and safety briefing to renters. Ensure they understand the rules, game scenarios, and safety guidelines.
- Equipment Return: Clearly communicate the time and location for returning rental equipment. Inspect the items for damages and, if necessary, deduct repair or replacement costs from the security deposit.
- Customer Feedback: Encourage renters to provide feedback on their rental experience. This feedback can help you identify areas for improvement and enhance customer satisfaction.
Marketing and Promotion
Looking to boost your airsoft field’s presence? The marketing and promotion section has got you covered! We’ll explore strategies for creating an impactful online presence, harnessing the power of social media marketing, and building fruitful collaborations with the local airsoft community.
Get ready to learn how hosting events and tournaments can attract a multitude of players and put your airsoft field on the map! Let’s dive in and take your airsoft business to new heights!
Online Presence and Social Media Marketing
When it comes to starting an airsoft field, having a strong online presence and utilizing social media marketing strategies can greatly contribute to your success. Here are some important factors to consider:
- Create a professional website: Establish a user-friendly website that provides essential information about your airsoft field, including location, facilities, game schedules, and pricing. Make sure the website is mobile-responsive for easy viewing on smartphones and tablets.
- Utilize social media platforms: Set up accounts on popular social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Regularly post content that showcases the unique experiences players can enjoy at your field, such as action-packed game footage, player testimonials, and promotional offers.
- Engage with the airsoft community: Join relevant online forums, groups, and communities where airsoft enthusiasts gather. Participate in discussions, answer questions, and share updates about your field. This helps build credibility and establishes your field as a go-to destination in the airsoft community.
- Run targeted online ads: Invest in targeted online advertising campaigns to reach potential customers who are interested in airsoft. Utilize platforms like Facebook Ads or Google Ads to promote your field to a specific demographic or location.
- Offer online booking and registration: Make it convenient for players to book and register for games online. Implement an easy-to-use online booking system that allows players to reserve spots, choose equipment, and pay in advance.
- Encourage user-generated content: Encourage players to share their experiences at your field on social media. Offer incentives for them to post photos, videos, and reviews, and then feature this user-generated content on your own social media platforms.
Collaboration with Local Airsoft Community
Collaboration with the local airsoft community is crucial for the success of your airsoft field. By establishing strong relationships and working together, you can cultivate a thriving airsoft community. Here are some ways to foster collaboration:
- Connect with local airsoft teams and players: Reach out to local airsoft teams and players through social media, forums, and local events. Invite them to visit your field and participate in games. Building a strong network with the local airsoft community will help promote your field and attract more players.
- Organize joint events and tournaments: Collaborate with other airsoft fields or teams to organize joint events and tournaments. This allows players from different communities to come together, compete, and enjoy the sport. By hosting these events, you can attract more players and create a sense of camaraderie within the airsoft community.
- Offer discounts or incentives: Consider providing discounts or special incentives to members of the local airsoft community. This could involve discounted admission fees, exclusive game scenarios, or access to special equipment. By showing appreciation for their support, you can nurture stronger relationships and encourage ongoing collaboration.
- Share resources and knowledge: Collaborate with other airsoft fields and players by sharing resources and knowledge. This could include exchanging tips on field design and safety measures, or even swapping equipment and props. By collaborating, you can enhance the overall airsoft experience for everyone involved.
Hosting Events and Tournaments
Hosting events and tournaments is a crucial aspect of running a successful airsoft field. It not only attracts players but also helps create a vibrant and engaging community. Here are some important factors to consider:
- Scheduling: Plan and organize regular events and tournaments to provide players with a consistent and exciting experience. Consider hosting different types of events such as scenario-based games, competitive tournaments, or themed events.
- Variety of Games: Offer a diverse range of game scenarios and formats to cater to different player preferences. This can include team-based games, individual challenges, target shooting competitions, or objective-based missions.
- Prizes and Incentives: Encourage participation by offering attractive prizes and incentives to winners or top-performing players. This can include trophies, merchandise, or discounts on future games.
- Promotion: Use online platforms, social media, and local airsoft communities to promote your events and tournaments. Create engaging content, share photos and videos from previous events, and collaborate with influencers or popular players to boost visibility.
- Player Safety: Prioritize safety measures during events and tournaments. Ensure that all participants follow strict safety guidelines, use protective gear, and adhere to the rules of fair play. Have trained staff and referees present to monitor gameplay and address any safety concerns.
- Facilities and Equipment: Ensure your field is equipped with adequate facilities such as staging areas, restrooms, and first aid supplies to accommodate the increased number of players during events. Regularly maintain and upgrade your rental equipment to provide a seamless experience for participants.
- Feedback and Improvement: Collect feedback from participants after each event to evaluate their experience and identify areas for improvement. Address any issues raised and continuously strive to enhance the overall quality of your events and tournaments.
Running and Maintaining the Airsoft Field
Running and maintaining an airsoft field is no small task. To ensure its success, attention must be given to staffing and training, equipment upkeep and maintenance, as well as exceptional customer service and feedback.
With a well-trained team, properly maintained gear, and a customer-centric approach, the airsoft field can provide an exceptional experience for players and enthusiasts alike. So let’s dive into the ins and outs of effectively running and maintaining an airsoft field.
Staffing and Training
Staffing and training are crucial aspects of running a successful airsoft field. To ensure smooth operations and a high-quality experience for players, it is important to focus on the following:
- Expertise and Experience: Hire staff members who have a strong knowledge of airsoft and experience in the industry. They should be well-versed in game rules, safety guidelines, and equipment handling.
- Training Programs: Implement comprehensive training programs to educate staff on various aspects of running the field. This includes teaching them about game scenarios, safety measures, and customer service skills.
- Certifications: Encourage staff members to obtain relevant certifications such as first aid and CPR. This ensures they are prepared to handle any emergencies that may arise during gameplay.
- Continued Learning: Foster a culture of continuous learning among staff members through regular training sessions, industry conferences, and staying updated on the latest trends and developments in the airsoft community.
- Teamwork and Communication: Promote effective communication and teamwork among staff members to create a cohesive and efficient work environment, leading to improved customer satisfaction.
By prioritizing staffing and training, you can cultivate a knowledgeable and skilled team that enhances the overall experience for players at your airsoft field.
Equipment Upkeep and Maintenance
Equipment Upkeep and Maintenance are crucial aspects of running and maintaining an airsoft field. Regular maintenance ensures optimal performance and longevity of the equipment. Here are some key factors to consider:
- Inspection: Regularly inspect all airsoft guns, protective gear, and game props for any signs of damage or wear. This includes checking for cracks, loose parts, or malfunctioning components.
- Cleaning: Regularly clean the airsoft guns, barrels, magazines, and other equipment to remove dirt, debris, and residue. Use appropriate cleaning tools and solutions to avoid damaging the equipment.
- Lubrication: Properly lubricate moving parts, such as gears, pistons, and springs, to ensure smooth operation and prevent friction-related issues. Use lubricants specifically designed for airsoft equipment.
- Battery Care: For electric-powered airsoft guns, ensure proper charging and storage of batteries. Follow manufacturer guidelines for charging times and storage conditions to prevent damage or reduced battery life.
- Gear Replacement: Keep track of the usage and wear of protective gear, such as masks, goggles, and gloves. Replace any worn-out or damaged gear to maintain player safety.
- Storage: Store the equipment in a clean and dry environment, away from moisture and extreme temperatures. Consider providing secure storage options for players to keep their gear safe during games.
- Documentation: Maintain records of maintenance and repairs performed on the equipment. This helps in tracking and scheduling future maintenance tasks.
Customer Service and Feedback
Customer service and feedback are crucial aspects of running a successful airsoft field. Ensuring excellent customer service, which includes friendly and prompt assistance, is essential for higher customer satisfaction, repeat business, and positive word-of-mouth recommendations.
Staff members should be well-trained to provide helpful information, answer questions, and resolve any issues that may arise.
Feedback from customers is invaluable for improving the airsoft field experience. Actively seeking feedback through surveys or suggestion boxes allows you to gather insights and identify areas for improvement.
It is important to pay attention to what customers are saying and use their feedback to make necessary adjustments, such as improving the layout of the field, implementing safety measures, or modifying rental policies.
Regularly engaging with customers and addressing their concerns or suggestions helps cultivate a positive relationship and demonstrates that you value their input. By actively seeking out feedback and taking action based on it, you can enhance customer satisfaction and improve the overall airsoft field experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I start an airsoft field?
Starting an airsoft field involves several steps and considerations:
- Plan your business, including naming it and determining startup costs.
- Form your business into a legal entity, such as an LLC or corporation, to protect yourself from personal liability.
- Register your business for taxes, including applying for an EIN.
- Open a business bank account and credit card for financial separation.
- Set up accounting for your business to track expenses and income.
- Obtain necessary permits and licenses for your airsoft field.
- Get business insurance, including liability coverage.
- Define your brand and create a website to promote your airsoft field.
- Implement strategies to promote and market your business, such as online directories and limited-time specials.
- Set up a business phone system for better organization and customer contact.
What are the costs involved in opening an airsoft field?
The costs involved in opening an airsoft field include:
- Renting or buying land
- Setting up facilities like a shop and restrooms
- Purchasing airsoft weapons and supplies
- Obtaining safety gear
How do I make an airsoft field profitable?
To make your airsoft field business more profitable, you can consider:
- Analyzing daily income and only opening on profitable days.
- Adding storage and ordering supplies in larger quantities.
- Offering related activities, such as gear customization or tactical training.
- Selling gear, supplies, and passes online.
What is the target market for airsoft fields?
The target market for airsoft fields is primarily young men, although some children and women also participate. People may turn to airsoft as a way to escape daily life and seek a more realistic and less messy experience compared to paintball.
How do I market my airsoft field business?
To effectively market your airsoft field business, consider the following strategies:
- Create a website and list your business on directories frequented by airsoft enthusiasts.
- Distribute flyers and approach local businesses for team building opportunities.
- Promote the unique features and offers of your airsoft field.
- Target the right audience and create awareness through targeted advertising.
What are the ongoing expenses for an airsoft field?
The ongoing expenses for an airsoft field may include:
- Liability insurance
- Maintenance and repair of weapons and equipment
- Utilities
- Property insurance
- Advertising
- Employee wages
- Rental gear replacement
